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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
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Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

Cognition, action, and object manipulation.

David A Rosenbaum1, Kate M Chapman, Matthias Weigelt

  • 1Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dar12@psu.edu

Psychological Bulletin
|March 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People grasp objects differently based on future actions, linking cognition and behavior. This fundamental human and primate action is studied through object manipulation research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Action Science
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Psychology traditionally studies mental life and behavior, but the link between them is less explored.
  • Object manipulation offers a key domain to investigate the cognition-action interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review psychological research on how cognition influences action in object manipulation.
  • To emphasize how planned actions shape object grasping behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing psychological research on object manipulation.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating differential grasping based on intended use.

Main Results:

  • Individuals grasp objects differently based on anticipated future actions (orientation, height, placement).
  • Differential grasping is observed across diverse behaviors (grasps, walking, transfers) and populations (primates, humans of all ages).
  • This tendency is impaired in clinical populations and affects verbal working memory.

Conclusions:

  • Object manipulation reveals profound connections between cognition and action.
  • Findings have implications for understanding affordances, naturalistic observation, and psychology education.