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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Remote Raman spectroscopy for planetary exploration: a review.

S Michael Angel¹, Nathaniel R Gomer, Shiv K Sharma

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA. angel@chem.sc.edu

Applied Spectroscopy

|March 28, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Standoff Raman spectroscopy enables remote analysis of planetary surfaces and plumes. This review covers instrumentation, analyte identification, and feasibility for astrobiology and geological applications.

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Planetary Science
Spectroscopy
Astrobiology

Background:

Remote sensing is crucial for planetary exploration.
Raman spectroscopy offers valuable chemical information.
Standoff techniques are needed for inaccessible targets.

Purpose of the Study:

Review the current state of standoff Raman spectroscopy for planetary applications.
Discuss instrumentation, analyte identification, and measurement feasibility.
Highlight opportunities and challenges for astrospectroscopy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of standoff Raman spectroscopy systems.
Analysis of analyte identification capabilities for geological and biological targets.
Assessment of measurement feasibility under planetary conditions.

Main Results:

Various standoff Raman systems are under development for astrospectroscopy.
The technique can identify biologically and geologically important molecules.
Feasibility of surface and plume measurements from orbit is discussed.

Conclusions:

Standoff Raman spectroscopy is a promising technique for remote planetary analysis.
Further development is needed to overcome challenges in planetary environments.
This technology can significantly advance astrobiology and planetary geology research.