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Related Concept Videos

Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains the...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Optimized Incorporation of Alkynyl Fatty Acid Analogs for the Detection of Fatty Acylated Proteins using Click Chemistry
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Optimized Incorporation of Alkynyl Fatty Acid Analogs for the Detection of Fatty Acylated Proteins using Click Chemistry

Published on: April 9, 2021

Protein modification by aldehydophospholipids and its functional consequences.

Ute Stemmer1, Albin Hermetter

  • 1Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|March 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phospholipid aldehydes, products of lipid oxidation, are reactive molecules that alter biomolecule function. These compounds influence cellular processes and may be involved in disease pathogenesis.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Optimized Incorporation of Alkynyl Fatty Acid Analogs for the Detection of Fatty Acylated Proteins using Click Chemistry
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions
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PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Oxidative Stress

Background:

  • Phospholipid aldehydes are reactive lipid oxidation products.
  • They form conjugates with proteins and lipids, impacting biomolecule function.
  • These conjugates are implicated in cellular signaling and immune recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the chemical reactivity and biological implications of phospholipid aldehydes.
  • To understand their role in modulating biomolecular and supramolecular systems.
  • To investigate their contribution to cellular responses and potential disease mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical characterization of phospholipid aldehyde reactivity.
  • Analysis of lipid-protein and lipid-lipid conjugate formation.
  • Investigation of cellular responses, including microparticle release.

Main Results:

  • Phospholipid aldehydes covalently bind to proteins and lipids, altering their function.
  • These aldehydes exist in a dynamic equilibrium, influenced by their environment.
  • They can induce microparticle release from cells, indicating a role in systemic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Phospholipid aldehydes are key mediators of cellular dysfunction in "phospholipid stress".
  • Their dynamic nature and ability to form conjugates highlight their complex biological roles.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate their precise mechanisms and consequences in health and disease.