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Maternal high-fat diet impacts endothelial function in nonhuman primate offspring.

L Fan¹, S R Lindsley, S M Comstock

¹Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)

|March 28, 2012

Summary

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Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) exposure during pregnancy and early life impairs offspring endothelial function and cardiovascular health. Diet intervention after weaning can partially reverse these negative effects.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Developmental Biology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Maternal under-nutrition's link to offspring cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known.
The impact of maternal over-nutrition on offspring cardiovascular health is unclear.
This study investigates maternal high-fat/calorie diet (HFD) effects on offspring endothelial function.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the impact of maternal HFD exposure on offspring endothelial function.
To assess cardiovascular and metabolic changes in offspring exposed to maternal HFD.
To evaluate the role of early programming and postweaning diet on offspring cardiovascular health.

Main Methods:

Nonhuman primates were exposed to control (CTR) or HFD during pregnancy and early postnatal periods.

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Offspring were maintained on CTR or HFD, or switched diets postweaning.

Vascular function, plasma insulin, glucose levels, and arterial morphology were assessed at 13 months of age.

Main Results:

Maternal HFD offspring (HFD/HFD) showed increased insulin and impaired vasorelaxation in the abdominal aorta.
HFD/HFD offspring exhibited thicker intima walls and abnormal vascular morphology with elevated inflammation markers.
Diet-switched offspring showed modest vascular damage, suggesting partial reversibility.

Conclusions:

Maternal HFD exposure during critical developmental periods significantly impairs offspring endothelial function.
Both early developmental programming and postweaning diet influence offspring cardiovascular abnormalities.
Dietary intervention postweaning can partially ameliorate the negative cardiovascular consequences of maternal HFD exposure.