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RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Translational Regulation

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs

Published on: September 16, 2019

Small RNA pathways in Schmidtea mediterranea.

Alissa M Resch¹, Dasaradhi Palakodeti

¹Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology

|March 28, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Planarian regeneration relies on pluripotent stem cells called neoblasts. This review explores the crucial roles of small RNA molecules, including microRNAs and piwiRNAs, in regulating these stem cells and the regeneration process.

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Area of Science:

* Developmental Biology
* Stem Cell Biology
* Molecular Biology

Background:

* Planarians are freshwater organisms renowned for their remarkable regenerative capabilities.
* Regeneration is driven by a specialized population of pluripotent stem cells known as neoblasts.
* Traditional research focused on transcription factors and proteins, overlooking the role of small RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review the biogenesis of microRNAs and piwiRNAs.
* To discuss the functional roles of small RNAs in key developmental pathways.
* To highlight recent findings on planarian small RNA pathways in regeneration.

Main Methods:

* Literature review of existing studies on small RNA pathways.
* Analysis of research on microRNA and piwiRNA biogenesis.
* Examination of functional roles in vertebrate and invertebrate development.

Main Results:

* Small RNA molecules, including microRNAs and piwiRNAs, are integral to stem cell function.
* These small RNAs play significant regulatory roles in developmental pathways.
* Emerging evidence underscores their importance in the planarian regenerative process.

Conclusions:

* Small RNAs are critical regulators of planarian stem cell biology and regeneration.
* Further research into planarian small RNA pathways is essential for understanding regeneration.
* This review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies future research directions.