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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
09:10

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection

Published on: September 11, 2014

Modeling pattern formation in hydra: a route to understanding essential steps in development.

Hans Meinhardt1

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Tübingen, Germany. hans.meinhardt@tuebingen.mpg.de

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|March 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydra pattern formation relies on self-enhancing and inhibitory signals, enabling complex self-regulating structures. This research models axial pattern stabilization, hypostome, tentacle, and bud formation, offering evolutionary insights.

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Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra
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Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra

Published on: July 7, 2017

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
09:10

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection

Published on: September 11, 2014

Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra
06:33

Generation and Long-term Maintenance of Nerve-free Hydra

Published on: July 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Hydra exhibits remarkable self-regulating pattern formation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into fundamental biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the mechanisms of pattern formation in hydra.
  • To explain the stabilization of axial patterns, hypostome, tentacle, and bud formation.
  • To explore the evolutionary implications of hydra's developmental strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of reaction-diffusion systems.
  • Analysis of feedback loops involving Wnt signaling and other molecules (e.g., beta-catenin, Brachyury).
  • Simulation of dynamic regulations observed in hydra.

Main Results:

  • A model demonstrating how local self-enhancement and long-range inhibition generate patterns.
  • Explanation of axial pattern stabilization, regeneration, and polarity.
  • Models for hypostome, tentacle, and bud formation, including dual roles of Wnt molecules.
  • Hydra's pattern formation mechanisms suggest an early stage of evolutionary axis formation.

Conclusions:

  • Hydra's pattern formation is governed by robust self-organizing principles.
  • The study provides a mechanistic understanding of hydra development and regeneration.
  • Hydra serves as a model for understanding early evolutionary development of body axes.