Risk factors for depressive symptom changes in Indonesian geriatric outpatient

to determine risk factors for depressive symptom changes in geriatric outpatients.

a prospective cohort study was conducted on 106 geriatric outpatients at Integrated Geriatric Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta in 2010. A structured questionnaire was applied to obtain independent variable such as age, sex, educational level, chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis), functional status (WHO-Unescap score), nutritional status (body mass index), health related quality of life (Eq5D score), hospitalization within 6 months, and total calorie intake. Depressive symptom as dependent variable was assessed using Geriatric Depression Scale. The association between aforementioned various factors with depressive symptom changes were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis.

most of subjects were women (63.2%), aged 70 years old and older (71.0%) and had hypertension (82.1%). There were 22.6% subjects with increase in GDS score during 6-month follow-up. Bivariable analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney diseases were significantly associated with depressive symptom changes. Multiple logistic regression showed that variable which independently associated with depressive symptom changes was uncontrolled chronic kidney disease (OR 3.390; 95% CI 1.07-10.76.

uncontrolled chronic kidney disease is risk factor for depressive symptom changes in geriatric outpatients.