Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Data Validation01:03

Data Validation

Data validation is an essential part of a comprehensive assessment. Validation is confirming or verifying and opening the door to gathering more assessment data as it clarifies vague or unclear data. The process of checking and verifying the collected information is called data validation. The primary purpose of data validation is to ensure data is as free from error, bias, and misinterpretation as possible.
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II01:25

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I01:26

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
There are thirteen domains for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biomarker affliction classes contribute additively to observed dementia severity and prospective conversion risk.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

Age-Based Sex and Race and Ethnicity Percentiles for Physical Functioning Among a Diverse Population From the HABS-HD Cohort.

Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001)·2026
Same author

Associations Between Immigration-Related Factors and Cognition Among Hispanics, the HABS-HD Study.

Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology·2026
Same author

Postoperative Delirium and Neurocognitive Disorders Associated With Inflammatory and Neuronal Injury Biomarkers: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment in a multiethnic community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Evaluation of physical functioning as a marker of brain imaging outcomes in a multiethnic community-based cohort.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

Towards a neurophysiological diagnostic marker of Alzheimer's disease using transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

The arsenic-Alzheimer's disease link: Emerging evidence and unanswered questions.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

Eligibility for lecanemab therapy in a biomarker defined memory clinic cohort: A five-year analysis.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

Dynamic light scattering spectroscopy and the Centiloid scale.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

One-month early time-restricted eating enhances long-term memory by modulating brain fluid dynamics in males with metabolic syndrome: Evidence from perivascular diffusion and global blood-oxygen-level-dependent-cerebrospinal fluid coupling.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same journal

Expression of concern: "Increased Vulnerability of the Hippocampus in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing APP and Triple Repeat Tau".

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Validation of a latent variable representing the dementing process.

Donald R Royall1, Raymond F Palmer, Sid E O'Bryant

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. royall@uthscsa.edu

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|March 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new measure, delta (δ), to better predict dementia. Delta (δ) isolates cognitive performance variance linked to dementia, improving case-finding and biomarker research.

More Related Videos

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Cognitive performance is crucial for identifying dementia cases.
  • However, general cognitive measures often weakly predict functional decline in dementia.
  • Existing methods struggle to differentiate dementia-specific cognitive changes from other factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a novel approach for isolating dementia-specific cognitive variance (δ).
  • To assess the utility of δ as a dementia-specific endophenotype.
  • To establish a foundation for future research linking δ to biological markers.

Main Methods:

  • Employed structural equation models to differentiate dementia-relevant cognitive variance (δ) from general cognitive variance (g").
  • Validated the δ measure in a well-characterized Alzheimer's disease cohort (Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium).
  • Utilized a method to generate "error free" continuous variables for cognitive measures.

Main Results:

  • The dementia-specific cognitive variance (δ) was more strongly associated with dementia status than general cognitive variance (g").
  • The validated δ measure demonstrated robust predictive power in an Alzheimer's cohort.
  • The approach successfully generated continuous, error-free variables.

Conclusions:

  • Delta (δ) effectively isolates cognitive changes directly related to dementia.
  • δ shows promise as a dementia-specific endophenotype for improved diagnostic and research applications.
  • This methodology paves the way for associating cognitive endophenotypes with genetic and inflammatory biomarkers.