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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

The national Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program, 1994-2008.

Emily A Smith1, Lisa Jacques-Carroll, Tanja Y Walker

  • 1Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. esmith6@cdc.gov

Pediatrics
|March 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The national Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program (PHBPP) successfully reduced chronic hepatitis B virus infection in infants, despite a rise in births to infected mothers. Gaps persist in identifying at-risk pregnancies and ensuring complete infant management for optimal prevention.

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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Published on: February 1, 2017

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Published on: December 15, 2023

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
09:35

Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle

Published on: February 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant risk of perinatal transmission.
  • The Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program (PHBPP) was established to mitigate this risk.
  • Monitoring program trends and outcomes is crucial for evaluating its effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the trends and outcomes of the national PHBPP.
  • To assess the program's impact on preventing perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in infants born between 1994 and 2008.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized annual program outcome reports submitted by state and city public health jurisdictions to the CDC.
  • Estimated annual births to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive women.
  • Assessed program objectives, infant management, and outcomes, including vaccination and postvaccination testing.

Main Results:

  • The number of births to HBsAg-positive women increased from 1994 to 2008.
  • PHBPP management of infants increased, with high rates of timely immunoglobulin and vaccine administration.
  • Completion of the vaccine series decreased, but postvaccination testing increased, leading to a significant reduction in chronic HBV infection incidence.

Conclusions:

  • The PHBPP demonstrated substantial success in preventing perinatal HBV infection, even with a growing number of at-risk births.
  • Challenges remain in identifying HBsAg-positive pregnant women and ensuring comprehensive infant management.
  • Continued efforts are needed to close these gaps and further prevent perinatal HBV transmission.