Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CMV viraemia is associated with mortality among children with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Azithromycin therapy for prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity (AZTEC): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026
Same author

Exploring cochlear implantation and quality of life in pediatric recipients with autism spectrum disorder.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2026
Same author

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2025
Same author

Mass Administration of Azithromycin to Infants in Mali to Reduce Mortality.

The New England journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Parvovirus: Conservative management of fetal anemia and hydrops.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Immune status in very preterm neonates.

Mallika Azizia1, Jillian Lloyd, Meredith Allen

  • 1Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, UK.

Pediatrics
|March 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Preterm neonates exposed to inflammation exhibit reduced immune cell function (immunoparalysis) at birth, increasing their risk of sepsis. This immune dysfunction persists, impacting recovery and organ function in premature infants.

More Related Videos

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
08:46

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Infectious disease

Background:

  • Preterm neonates face a higher risk of sepsis compared to term infants.
  • Immune system development is significantly impacted by the timing of birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immune status of very preterm neonates at birth and during early neonatal life.
  • To determine the association between immune status and short-term outcomes in preterm neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 113 preterm neonates (23-32 weeks) and 78 controls.
  • Measured monocyte major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70) from cord blood and first 7 days.
  • Recorded neonatal sepsis and histologic chorioamnionitis.

Main Results:

  • Prematurity, neonatal sepsis, and chorioamnionitis reduced monocyte MHC class II expression.
  • Neonates with subsequent sepsis showed low MHC class II expression at birth.
  • Preterm neonates exhibited a fall in MHC class II expression by day 2, with incomplete recovery, indicating immunoparalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Fetal exposure to inflammation before preterm delivery causes endotoxin hyporesponsiveness (immunoparalysis).
  • This immunoparalysis elevates the risk of subsequent sepsis and organ dysfunction in preterm neonates.