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Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV2).

A Hughes1, T Corrah

  • 1Pathology Laboratories, Royal Victoria Hospital, Banjul.

Blood Reviews
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV2), a retrovirus causing AIDS, was identified in West Africa. While similar to HIV1, HIV2 may be less pathogenic and have a longer incubation period.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A second human retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV2), was isolated in the mid-1980s from patients of West African origin.
  • HIV2 is distinct from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) but closely related to simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV).
  • Both HIV1 and HIV2 bind to the CD4 cellular receptor, despite significant genomic differences, particularly in envelope genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of HIV2.
  • To compare HIV2 with HIV1.
  • To highlight the potential need for HIV2 antibody testing in non-endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of the retrovirus from patients.
  • Genomic and protein sequence analysis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of clinical and immunological effects with HIV1.

    • Main Results:

    • HIV2 is largely confined to West Africa, where it is the dominant HIV.
    • Transmission, clinical features, and immunological effects are similar to HIV1.
    • HIV2 may have a longer incubation period and be less pathogenic than HIV1.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV2 represents a distinct but related human retrovirus to HIV1.
    • While similar in many aspects, differences in pathogenicity and incubation period warrant further investigation.
    • Increased awareness and testing for HIV2 may be necessary in regions where it is not endemic.