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Updated: May 23, 2026

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: July 14, 2023
Patcharakamon Nooeaid1, Vehid Salih, Justus P Beier
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Osteochondral tissue engineering uses composite scaffolds to repair cartilage and bone. This review explores materials, designs, and methods for advanced bilayered scaffolds that mimic natural tissue properties.
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