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Changes in mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes as seen on diffusion tensor imaging.

Senthil Thillainadesan1, Wei Wen, Lin Zhuang

  • 1Brain and Ageing Research Program, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

International Psychogeriatrics
|March 29, 2012
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Summary

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is linked to white matter and subcortical changes detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Specific anterior brain region alterations can differentiate amnestic MCI from non-amnestic MCI.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies indicate white matter abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • This study investigates white matter and subcortical region abnormalities in a large cohort of community-dwelling older adults with MCI and its subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine white matter and subcortical region abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes.
  • To identify diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) markers differentiating MCI subtypes in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 396 community-dwelling older adults (158 MCI, 238 controls).
  • Regional fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated and compared between groups.
  • False discovery rate correction was applied for multiple comparisons.

Main Results:

  • MCI subjects showed increased mean diffusivity (MD) in several regions, including the putamen, internal capsule, corpus callosum, and corona radiata, but no significant FA differences compared to controls.
  • Amnestic MCI (aMCI) was associated with changes in the anterior cingulate, superior frontal gyrus, and corona radiata.
  • Non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) showed alterations in the putamen, anterior limb of the internal capsule, and corona radiata.
  • Logistic regression identified left superior frontal gyrus FA and anterior cingulate MD as distinguishing factors between aMCI and naMCI.

Conclusions:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with white matter and subcortical changes detectable by DTI.
  • Specific anterior brain region alterations identified via DTI can differentiate amnestic MCI (aMCI) from non-amnestic MCI (naMCI).