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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Ionic liquids: past, present and future.

C Austen Angell1, Younes Ansari, Zuofeng Zhao

  • 1Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.

Faraday Discussions
|March 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers low-melting ionic liquids from 1886 to present, focusing on physicochemical properties. Protic ionic liquids are highlighted for their significant scientific potential.

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Published on: December 20, 2016

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) have a history dating back to 1886.
  • The field has evolved through distinct developmental stages.
  • This overview focuses on physicochemical aspects rather than synthesis or industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of low-melting ionic liquids.
  • To differentiate key stages in the development of ionic liquids.
  • To highlight the scientific potential of protic ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of scientific literature.
  • Categorization of ionic liquid development into 'pre-surge' and 'post-surge' phases.
  • Focus on physicochemical properties and protic ionic liquids.

Main Results:

  • The field of low-melting ionic liquids has a long developmental history.
  • Distinct periods of research interest ('pre-surge' and 'post-surge') are identified.
  • Protic ionic liquids are identified as a promising area for future research.

Conclusions:

  • Low-melting ionic liquids have undergone significant evolution since their inception.
  • Physicochemical properties are central to understanding ionic liquid behavior.
  • Protic ionic liquids represent a scientifically significant subfield with high potential.