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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

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Published on: October 12, 2017

Inflammation modulates human HDL composition and function in vivo.

Margarita de la Llera Moya1, Fiona C McGillicuddy, Christine C Hinkle

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Atherosclerosis
|March 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation impairs high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in humans. This study shows inflammatory syndromes cause HDL dysfunction, reducing cholesterol efflux independently of HDL-C levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).
  • Inflammation is suspected to impair HDL function and RCT, but human data are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of acute inflammation on HDL functionality and RCT parameters in humans.
  • To assess HDL remodeling and cholesterol efflux capacity during an inflammatory state.

Main Methods:

  • Low-dose human endotoxemia model to induce controlled inflammation.
  • Analysis of HDL particle size and composition using 2-D gel electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  • Measurement of key enzymes and proteins involved in RCT, including secretory phospholipase A2, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and cholesterol ester transfer protein.

Main Results:

  • Endotoxemia induced significant HDL remodeling, decreasing pre-β1a, small, and medium HDL particles.
  • Inflammation led to increased secretory phospholipase A2 and suppressed lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and cholesterol ester transfer protein mass.
  • Isolated HDL showed reduced capacity for cholesterol efflux from SR-BI and ABCA1 transporter cell models.

Conclusions:

  • Human inflammatory syndromes induce "atherogenic-HDL dysfunction."
  • Impaired RCT is a consequence of HDL dysfunction during inflammation.
  • These effects occur largely independently of changes in plasma HDL-C and ApoA-I levels.