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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae01:29

Bacterial Phylum Chlamydiae

The phylum Chlamydiae or Chlamydiota is composed of a single order, Chlamydiales. This phylum consists entirely of obligate intracellular parasites that infect eukaryotic hosts. While human pathogens within this group have been studied extensively, the phylum encompasses many species capable of interacting with various eukaryotic organisms. Members of Chlamydiae are typically small cocci, approximately 0.5 μm in diameter, and exhibit a distinctive developmental cycle. As is characteristic of...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
09:03

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

Genome-wide recombination in Chlamydia trachomatis.

Sandeep J Joseph1, Timothy D Read

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Nature Genetics
|March 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new study analyzed 52 Chlamydia trachomatis strains, revealing extensive genome-wide recombination. This genetic exchange shapes the evolution of this important bacterial pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Chlamydia trachomatis is a significant human pathogen responsible for various infections.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms of C. trachomatis is crucial for developing effective control strategies.

Discussion:

  • The study presents a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of 52 geographically diverse C. trachomatis strains.
  • A genome-wide phylogeny was reconstructed, illustrating the evolutionary relationships among different lineages.
  • Extensive genome-wide recombination was identified across multiple lineages, indicating a dynamic evolutionary process.

Key Insights:

  • Comparative genomics reveals significant genetic diversity within Chlamydia trachomatis.
  • Genome-wide recombination is a prevalent mechanism driving the evolution of C. trachomatis.

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Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis
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Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis

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Generating Whole Bacterial Genomes from Clinical Samples using a Target Enrichment Workflow
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Generating Whole Bacterial Genomes from Clinical Samples using a Target Enrichment Workflow

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis
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Forward Genetic Approaches in Chlamydia trachomatis

Published on: October 23, 2013

Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis
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Markerless Gene Deletion by Floxed Cassette Allelic Exchange Mutagenesis in Chlamydia trachomatis

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Generating Whole Bacterial Genomes from Clinical Samples using a Target Enrichment Workflow
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  • Phylogenetic analysis highlights the complex evolutionary history shaped by recombination.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the functional implications of recombination on C. trachomatis virulence and adaptation.
    • This genomic data can inform the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
    • Understanding recombination patterns may aid in tracking the spread and evolution of C. trachomatis strains globally.