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Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering

Synthesis of Thermogelling Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering

Published on: October 26, 2016

Injectable hydrogels for bone and cartilage repair.

Ashley A Amini¹, Lakshmi S Nair

¹School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)

|March 30, 2012

Summary

Injectable hydrogels offer minimally invasive treatments for bone and cartilage regeneration. These crosslinkable polymeric systems mimic natural tissue scaffolds and deliver cells or proteins effectively.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Injectable in situ crosslinkable hydrogels are crucial for minimally invasive clinical applications.
Hydrophilic polymeric systems responding to stimuli (light, temperature, pH, ionic concentration) or chemical reactions are under development.
Hydrogels serve as scaffolds mimicking the native extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the applications of hydrogels as scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration.
To present various gelation methods for hydrogel preparation.
To describe the use of injectable hydrogels as cell and protein delivery vehicles.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on injectable hydrogels.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Discussion of stimuli-responsive and chemically crosslinkable polymeric systems.

Analysis of hydrogel applications in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.

Main Results:

Hydrogels effectively mimic the extracellular matrix for bone and cartilage.
Various gelation methods enable tailored hydrogel properties.
Injectable hydrogels facilitate efficient cell and protein delivery for regeneration.

Conclusions:

Injectable crosslinkable hydrogels are promising for minimally invasive bone and cartilage regeneration.
Hydrogel scaffolds provide a versatile platform for tissue engineering.
Further development of these systems holds significant clinical potential.