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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

The study on Chan-meditation electrocardiogram by pattern analysis of continuous wavelet transform-coefficient map.

Pei-Chen Lo¹, Buwono Lembono, Wei-Ting Hsu

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, China, pclo@faculty.nctu.edu.tw.

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine

|March 30, 2012

Summary

Chan-meditation may stabilize cardiac function during slow breathing. Experienced practitioners show more stable heart activity compared to controls, particularly at higher respiratory rates.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Neuroscience
Psychophysiology

Background:

Cardiorespiratory interaction is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
Meditation practices, like Chan-meditation, are known to influence physiological processes.
Understanding the impact of meditation on heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory patterns is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of Chan-meditation on electrocardiogram (ECG) signals under various respiratory rhythms.
To analyze cardiorespiratory interaction in individuals with and without Chan-meditation experience.

Main Methods:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) complexes were analyzed using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to create coefficient maps.
Three analytical schemes were applied to interpret CWT maps: moment-invariants, singular value decomposition (SVD) eigenvector correlation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The study included 17 participants: 8 with Chan-meditation experience and 9 controls.

Main Results:

All three analytical methods indicated distinct cardiorespiratory interaction in Chan-meditation practitioners at higher respiratory rates.
ANOVA revealed significant differences in ECG complex CWT maps at low respiratory rates for the control group, but not for the experimental group.
This suggests a more stable cardiac response in meditators during specific breathing conditions.

Conclusions:

Chan-meditation may enhance cardiac stability, particularly during slow respiration.
Practitioners of Chan-meditation exhibit a more stable cardiac operation compared to non-meditators when breathing slowly.
These findings preliminarily suggest a psychophysiological benefit of Chan-meditation on cardiac regulation.