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Occupational exposure in MRI.

¹Radiological Sciences Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK. d.mcrobbie@imperial.ac.uk

The British Journal of Radiology

|March 30, 2012

Summary

Occupational exposure in clinical MRI involves static, gradient, and radiofrequency fields. Movement near the MRI bore can exceed safety limits, necessitating careful adherence to guidelines for staff protection.

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Occupational Health
Electromagnetic Fields

Background:

Clinical MRI utilizes static (B(0)), gradient, and radiofrequency (RF) fields, which induce electric fields and currents in human tissue.
These induced fields are known to cause acute sensory effects in individuals.
Understanding and quantifying occupational exposure is crucial for ensuring staff safety in MRI environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review occupational exposure in clinical MRI settings.
To analyze physical interactions, health effects, and guideline limits for electromagnetic field exposure.
To assess the implications of new exposure limits and directives for MRI practices.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on occupational exposure in MRI.

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Analysis of physical interactions between MRI fields and biological tissues.

Interpretation of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) exposure limits.

Review of dosimetric surveys and exposure measurements from clinical practice.

Main Results:

Movement within the B(0) fringe field can exceed ICNIRP reference levels within 0.5 m of the bore entrance.
RF exposure can exceed incident field limits within 0.2-0.5 m of the bore entrance.
Routine clinical practice shows staff exposure to peak B(0) values of 42 ± 24% and time-averaged exposures of 5.2 ± 2.8 mT (0.6-4 T magnets).
Movement within the B(0) fringe can result in peak dB/dt of approximately 2 T s(-1).
ICNIRP-induced field limits are unlikely to be exceeded from imaging gradients, but static field movement remains a concern.

Conclusions:

Adherence to new occupational exposure limits is essential for MRI staff safety.
Movement within the static magnetic field fringe is a key area for concern.
The European Union directive's reformulation may impact MRI operational guidelines and safety protocols.