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Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Rapid Strategy for the Isolation of New Faustoviruses from Environmental Samples Using Vermamoeba vermiformis
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Published on: June 4, 2016

Marine viruses: truth or dare.

Mya Breitbart1

  • 1College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA. mya@marine.usf.edu

Annual Review of Marine Science
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine viruses, primarily phages, are the most abundant ocean life. They control bacterial populations and influence global cycles, highlighting their critical role in oceanography.

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Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
10:43

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Published on: November 5, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Marine virology
  • Oceanography
  • Microbial ecology

Background:

  • Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the ocean, with approximately 10 million viruses per milliliter of surface seawater.
  • The majority of marine viruses are bacteriophages (phages), which infect bacteria.
  • Marine phages play a crucial role in controlling bacterial abundance and influencing community composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established knowledge on marine viruses and their ecological significance.
  • To identify key areas for future research in marine virology.
  • To highlight the impact of marine phages on biogeochemical cycles and bacterial evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in marine virology.
  • Analysis of the ecological roles of marine phages.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Marine phages significantly control bacterial populations and affect global biogeochemical cycles.
  • Phages influence bacterial evolution through mechanisms like host resistance selection and horizontal gene transfer.
  • Marine phages are highly diverse and possess auxiliary metabolic genes crucial for ecological functions.

Conclusions:

  • Marine virology has become a critical field in oceanography due to the abundance and impact of viruses.
  • Marine phages are key regulators of marine ecosystems and biogeochemical processes.
  • Future research should focus on the diversity, metabolic functions, and evolutionary impact of marine phages.