Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
The impact of gender roles on health
María del Pilar Sánchez-López1, Isabel Cuellar-Flores, Virginia Dresch
1Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Research Group Psychological Styles, Gender, and Health, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
The present research focused on a sample of Spanish undergraduate women and men to evaluate whether gender was related to substance use and chronic illness. This research examined the associations of conformity to masculine norms for men and conformity to feminine norms for women with substance use in chronic illnesses. Spanish male (n = 226) and female (n = 234) college undergraduates completed measures of chronic diseases, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and conformity to gender norms. Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that being female was related to lower alcohol and cigarette consumption but a greater rate of chronic illnesses. Although masculinity did not explain the rate of chronic illnesses, specific feminine and masculine gender norms were related to alcohol and tobacco use and prevalence of chronic diseases. The present study provides insights for further cross-cultural psychological studies on the mediating effect of self-reported conformity to gender norms (rather than only sex) on health. Limitations and implications are discussed.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Dimensions of Health and Illness
Lifestyle Factors and Health
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Impact of Groups on Groups

