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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...

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Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins
10:09

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins

Published on: March 7, 2018

Membrane-mediated interactions--a physico-chemical basis for protein sorting.

Mária Hanulová1, Matthias Weiss

  • 1Experimental Physics I, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.

Molecular Membrane Biology
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cellular sorting of membrane proteins relies on protein interactions and increasingly recognized roles of lipids. Recent research highlights how lipid domains and collective membrane-mediated interactions drive protein sorting.

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Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells employ complex mechanisms for membrane protein sorting, involving numerous molecular players.
  • Protein sorting occurs throughout the secretory pathway and involves inter-organelle exchange, including with the plasma membrane.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent insights into the role of lipids in membrane protein sorting.
  • To discuss how lipid domains and membrane-mediated interactions contribute to protein sorting.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on membrane protein sorting.
  • Analysis of the physico-chemical mechanisms driving protein sorting.

Main Results:

  • Traditionally, protein-protein interactions were considered primary drivers of sorting.
  • Lipids play an active role through domain formation and collective, membrane-mediated interactions.
  • These lipid-driven mechanisms provide a robust physico-chemical basis for protein sorting.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid-mediated mechanisms are crucial for understanding membrane protein sorting.
  • Future research should further elucidate the interplay between lipids and proteins in cellular sorting processes.