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Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
Glial Cells01:04

Glial Cells

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

Primary central nervous system lymphoma.

E Gallop-Evans1

  • 1Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK. eve.gallop-evans@wales.nhs.uk

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is distinct from other lymphomas. High-dose methotrexate chemotherapy significantly improves survival compared to radiotherapy alone for this rare aggressive cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • PCNSL exhibits unique molecular and genetic characteristics distinct from other diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.
  • Standard treatments often face challenges due to patient demographics and treatment toxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of primary central nervous system lymphoma.
  • To highlight the efficacy of high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical trials and prospective data collection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of primary central nervous system lymphoma.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes, focusing on chemotherapy versus radiotherapy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
10:52

Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Published on: March 30, 2018

  • Discussion of challenges in clinical trial design for rare cancers.

    • Main Results:

    • Whole brain radiotherapy alone yields poor median survival for PCNSL.
    • High-dose methotrexate-based combination chemotherapy significantly improves median survival.
    • Rarity and patient comorbidities complicate randomized controlled trials.

    Conclusions:

    • High-dose methotrexate chemotherapy is a superior treatment strategy for PCNSL.
    • Enrollment in clinical trials is crucial for advancing PCNSL treatment.
    • Prospective collection of quality of life and neurocognitive data is essential.