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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...

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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

Genes against aging.

Richard A Miller1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA. millerr@umich.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic mutations can slow aging in mice and extend lifespan by reducing age-related cellular damage. Exploring genetic variations offers promising strategies for understanding and potentially slowing the aging process in various species.

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Area of Science:

  • Biogerontology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Individual mutations in mice can slow aging and extend lifespan.
  • Evolutionary changes, driven by DNA sequence alterations, can significantly postpone age-dependent deterioration.
  • Genetic variation within species, like dog breeds, influences aging rates, but evidence in rodents and humans is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare strategies for utilizing genetic information to address biogerontology questions.
  • To emphasize the study of genes that can concurrently retard multiple age-dependent dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genetic strategies in biogerontology.
  • Review of existing literature on genetic influences on aging.
  • Focus on genes affecting multiple aging pathways.

Main Results:

  • Individual mutations can retard age-dependent changes in cells and tissues, extending lifespan.
  • Evolutionary genetic changes can lead to more substantial postponements of aging.
  • Genetic variation impacts aging rates across species, with varying evidence in different organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic information provides valuable insights into aging processes.
  • Genes capable of retarding multiple age-dependent dysfunctions in parallel are key targets for biogerontological research.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand genetic modulation of aging in humans and rodents.