Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic Juice and Secretion

Pancreatic juice is a clear fluid produced by the pancreas, containing water, salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes vital for digestion in the small intestine. It helps break down large molecules, facilitating nutrient absorption.
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Coupling tree-ring and geomorphic analyses to reconstruct the 1950s massive Glacier Lake Outburst Flood at Grosse Glacier, Chilean Patagonia.

The Science of the total environment·2025

Same author

Autoreactive T cells target peripheral nerves in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Nature·2024

Same author

A glacial lake outburst floods hazard assessment in the Patagonian Andes combining inventory data and case-studies.

The Science of the total environment·2024

Same author

Insulin Resistance: Hepatic Molecular Switches Gone Wrong?: Foxa2 Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis in the Liver during Fasting and in Diabetes. Nature 432: 1027-1032, 2004.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2023

Same author

Combining conventional tree-ring measurements with wood anatomy and strontium isotope analyses enables dendroprovenancing at the local scale.

The Science of the total environment·2022

Same author

Recent atmospheric drying in Siberia is not unprecedented over the last 1,500 years.

Scientific reports·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Published on: July 18, 2019

The pancreatic beta cell surface proteome.

I Stützer¹, D Esterházy, M Stoffel

¹Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, HPT E73, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str 16, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

|March 31, 2012

Summary

Pancreatic beta cells use surface proteins to sense their environment and regulate blood sugar. Studying these proteins offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for diabetes and other diseases.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cell Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Pancreatic beta cells are vital for maintaining normoglycaemia (normal blood glucose levels) through insulin secretion.
Beta cell function relies on sensing the extracellular environment via cell surface proteins.
Known surface proteins (receptors, transporters, ion channels) influence beta cell adaptation to environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the functional complexity of the beta cell surface proteome.
To explore mechanisms modulating beta cell surface protein activity.
To discuss the potential of the beta cell surface proteome for diagnostics and therapeutics in human diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on beta cell surface proteins.

More Related Videos

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells

Published on: June 15, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Published on: July 18, 2019

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells

Published on: June 15, 2013

Discussion of proteomic techniques for mapping the beta cell surface.

Analysis of functional roles and modulation of selected surface proteins.

Main Results:

The beta cell surface proteome is complex and harbors undiscovered mechanisms.
Selected surface proteins play critical roles in beta cell adaptive responses.
Current methods for studying the surface proteome face challenges but are advancing.

Conclusions:

The beta cell surface proteome is a rich source of information for understanding beta cell function.
Further research into the surface proteome can yield novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Understanding these proteins is crucial for addressing diseases related to beta cell dysfunction.