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Updated: Oct 12, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
The restoration of control in facial muscles affected by Bell's palsy
1Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Electromyographic biofeedback and behavioral control techniques were used to treat two patients who suffered from Bell's palsy. Both patients (one case with a long history of Bell's Palsy which included extensive surgery to her face, the other of more recent onset) appeared to have benefited from these procedures and also perceived themselves as having done so. It is recommended that the noninvasive techniques outlined should be tried at an early stage in this condition in order to: (1) prevent the acquisition of inappropriate behavior; (2) accelerate progress toward normal facial functioning; and (3) reduce the need for any surgical intervention.
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