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Related Concept Videos

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification01:14

Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification

When drugs are administered, they can elicit either an agonist or antagonist effect on the body. Agonism occurs when a drug activates a specific receptor, triggering a biological response. On the other hand, antagonism happens when a drug binds to the same receptors but blocks their activation, thereby preventing a biological response.
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...

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A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
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Published on: May 27, 2021

Recommendations for generating, evaluating, and implementing drug-drug interaction evidence.

Lisa E Hines1, Daniel C Malone, John E Murphy

  • 1Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

Pharmacotherapy
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Improving drug-drug interaction (DDI) evidence is crucial for patient safety. Recommendations focus on better studies, systematic evaluation, and enhanced integration into clinical decision support (CDS) systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance and Drug Safety
  • Health Informatics
  • Clinical Decision Support

Background:

  • Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) pose a significant risk to patient safety.
  • Current methods for evaluating and integrating DDI evidence into clinical decision support (CDS) systems require improvement.
  • A multistakeholder conference was convened to address these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose methods for enhancing the drug-drug interaction (DDI) evidence base.
  • To improve the evaluation and integration of DDI evidence into clinical decision support (CDS) systems.
  • To develop actionable recommendations for increasing patient safety through better DDI management.

Main Methods:

  • A national conference involving consumers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and CDS system developers was held.
  • Expert presentations and literature review informed the development of recommendations.
  • Recommendations were reviewed by conference leadership and all attendees.

Main Results:

  • Recommendations were developed to improve the generation, evaluation, and translation of DDI evidence.
  • Key recommendations include conducting well-designed studies on DDI incidence and risk factors.
  • A systematic and transparent process for evaluating DDI severity and risks was proposed.
  • Improving the integration of DDI evidence into electronic CDS systems was emphasized.

Conclusions:

  • Opportunities exist to enhance the DDI evidence base and its assessment.
  • A systematic approach is needed for evaluating DDI evidence.
  • Improved integration of DDI evidence into CDS systems is essential for patient safety.