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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Interaction between asthma and lung function growth in early life.

Hans Bisgaard1, Signe M Jensen, Klaus Bønnelykke

  • 1Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood; Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. bisgaard@copsac.com

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|March 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Children who develop asthma by age 7 show early lung function deficits and increased bronchial responsiveness as newborns. This airflow deficit worsens over time, highlighting the importance of prenatal and early postnatal factors in asthma origins and prevention.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Genetics and Epidemiology

Background:

  • The causal relationship between asthma and reduced lung function is not fully understood.
  • Clarifying this directionality is crucial for effective asthma prevention strategies and research into its origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between lung function development and asthma from birth through age 7.
  • To identify early indicators of asthma development in at-risk infants.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 411 at-risk children (Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood).
  • Spirometry performed on 403 neonates and 317 children at age 7.
  • Asthma diagnosis based on daily diary cards and semi-annual clinic visits.

Main Results:

  • Children diagnosed with asthma by age 7 exhibited significant neonatal airflow deficits (e.g., reduced forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity).
  • This lung function deficit progressed significantly by age 7, with approximately 40% of the deficit present at birth.
  • Neonatal bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was associated with later asthma development.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal lung function deficits and bronchial hyperresponsiveness predict asthma development by age 7.
  • The observed lung function impairment progresses throughout early childhood.
  • Research and preventive measures for asthma should focus on the prenatal and early postnatal periods.