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Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Emerging chirality in artificial spin ice.

W R Branford¹, S Ladak, D E Read

¹Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK. w.branford@imperial.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 31, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial spin ice exhibits exotic magnetic phases and chiral loop formation. Magnetotransport measurements reveal an anomalous Hall signal linked to these edge-induced topological states.

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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Magnetism
Nanotechnology

Background:

Artificial spin ice (ASI) systems exhibit complex magnetic behaviors due to geometric frustration.
Exotic phases, including magnetic monopoles and chiral spin textures, are predicted in ASI.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the magnetotransport properties of connected honeycomb ASI structures.
To explore the relationship between chiral loop formation and anomalous Hall effects in ASI.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of planar nanostructured ferromagnetic bar arrays in a honeycomb lattice.
Magnetotransport measurements, including anomalous Hall effect (AHE) measurements.

Main Results:

An anomalous Hall signal was observed at 50 Kelvin in connected honeycomb ASI.
The onset temperature correlates with the long-range dipolar ice phase.
Chiral loops forming at the sample edges were identified as the source of the topological Hall signal.

Conclusions:

Edge structure in nanoarrays provides a route to engineer exotic topological states in artificial spin ice.
ASI systems offer a platform for studying emergent phenomena like chiral order and topological transport.