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The ABO Blood Group

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The ABO blood group system is a critical element of transfusion medicine, essential for determining blood compatibility in transfusions and organ transplants. It is based on specific antigens, or agglutinogens, present on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and corresponding antibodies, or agglutinins, in the blood plasma.
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The Indian blood group system.

¹Blood Group Reference and Research Laboratory, Shandong Blood Centre, 22 Shanshi Eastroad, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, P.R. China.

Immunohematology

|April 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Indian blood group system involves antigens on the CD44 molecule. Genetic variations in CD44 explain the presence or absence of these blood group antigens, impacting transfusion compatibility.

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Area of Science:

Immunogenetics
Molecular Biology
Hematology

Background:

The Indian blood group system (ISBT: IN/023) comprises In(a) and In(b) antigens, with varying prevalence in different populations.
Two high-incidence antigens, IN3 and IN4, were identified in 2007 within the Indian system.
These antigens are associated with CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion and homing.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular basis of the Indian blood group system antigens.
To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the expression of IN antigens.
To investigate the relationship between CD44 gene variations and Indian blood group phenotypes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of CD44 gene sequences to identify causative mutations.
Correlation of genetic findings with observed blood group antigen expression.
Review of existing literature on CD44 function and blood group genetics.

Main Results:

The In(a)/In(b) polymorphism is linked to a specific CD44 gene substitution (252G>C, R46P).
Absence of IN3 and IN4 antigens is due to homozygous mutations in the CD44 gene (H85Q and T163R).
The AnWj antigen's association with CD44 is suggested but not definitively assigned to the Indian system.

Conclusions:

Genetic variations in the CD44 gene directly determine the expression of Indian blood group system antigens.
Understanding these molecular underpinnings is crucial for blood transfusion practices and genetic counseling.
Further research may clarify the role of CD44 isoforms in other blood group systems.