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Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging

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Published on: September 12, 2025

The "puffed cheek method" to evaluate mucosal thickness: case series.

G Dvorak¹, C Arnhart, P Schön

¹Department of Oral Surgery, Bernhard Gottlieb Dental School, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. gabriella.dvorak@meduniwien.ac.at

Clinical Oral Implants Research

|April 3, 2012

Summary

Computed tomography (CT) with distended cheeks offers a non-invasive method for assessing mucosal thickness during implant treatment planning. However, this technique provides less reliable results compared to traditional needle probing.

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Area of Science:

Dental implantology
Oral and maxillofacial radiology

Background:

Accurate mucosal thickness measurement is crucial for dental implant treatment planning.
Current methods like needle probing are invasive and not routinely used.
Computed tomography (CT) is valuable for assessing bone availability, but lacks simultaneous soft tissue measurement capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the reliability of measuring buccal maxillary mucosal thickness using CT with distended cheeks.
To compare CT measurements with the established needle probing method.

Main Methods:

Buccal maxillary mucosal thickness was assessed at four sites in 11 patients using CT with distended cheeks and needle probing.
A thermoplastic splint and gutta-percha marker ensured precise measurement localization.
Bland-Altman analysis was employed to compare the two measurement techniques.

Main Results:

The mean mucosal thickness measured by CT (1.11 ± 0.31 mm) was comparable to needle probing (1.17 ± 0.31 mm).
The mean difference between methods was 0.07 mm, with a 95% confidence interval of -0.14 to 0.12 mm.
Bland-Altman analysis indicated a potential divergence of up to 0.9 mm between CT and needle probing measurements.

Conclusions:

CT with distended cheeks is not interchangeable with needle probing for mucosal thickness measurement.
While CT can provide supplementary pre-operative soft tissue information for implant planning, it is less valid and reliable than the gold standard.
Further research may refine CT-based soft tissue assessment in implant dentistry.