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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...
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Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique
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Published on: June 12, 2015

Nonlocal viscosity kernel of mixtures.

Ben Smith1, J S Hansen, B D Todd

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how liquid mixture composition affects hydrodynamics. For molecular mixtures, viscosity is independent of composition at large wave vectors, unlike atomic mixtures.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Computational chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the hydrodynamical response of liquid mixtures is crucial for predicting their behavior.
  • Deviations from ideal mixing properties can significantly alter macroscopic fluid characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multiscale hydrodynamical response of liquids based on mixture composition.
  • To compute the wave-vector-dependent viscosity kernel for various atomic and molecular mixtures.
  • To analyze deviations from ideal mixing behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Computing the wave-vector-dependent viscosity kernel for multiple compositions of three distinct mixtures.
  • Comparing simulation results with ideal mixing rules like Lorentz-Berthelot.

Main Results:

  • Viscosity kernel depends on composition for atomic mixtures across all wave vectors.
  • For molecular mixtures, the viscosity kernel is composition-independent at large wave vectors.
  • Lorentz-Berthelot rule approximates ideal mixing well for many wave vectors, but Kob-Andersen and molecular mixtures show significant deviations.
  • A wave-vector-dependent deviation in molecular systems indicates a characteristic correlation length scale.

Conclusions:

  • Mixture composition has a complex, scale-dependent influence on hydrodynamical properties.
  • Ideal mixing rules are insufficient for accurately describing the viscosity of certain complex mixtures.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering specific molecular interactions and correlation lengths in fluid dynamics.