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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Magnetic-field-line random walk in turbulence: a two-point correlation function description.

A Shalchi¹, A Dosch, J A le Roux

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2. andreasm4@yahoo.com

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|April 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study simplifies magnetic field line random walk theory by using decorrelation models. It reveals the Kubo number as the sole determinant of field-line diffusion, recovering prior findings.

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Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Astrophysics
Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

Standard field-line random walk theory relies on detailed turbulence descriptions.
Small-scale turbulence details are often unnecessary for magnetic field line behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simplified model for estimating the field-line diffusion coefficient.
To identify the key parameters governing field-line diffusion.

Main Methods:

Utilized simple decorrelation models to estimate diffusion coefficients.
Analyzed the role of turbulence scales in field-line random walk.

Main Results:

Field-line diffusion coefficient can be estimated using simplified decorrelation models.
Recovered previous theoretical results as special cases.
Demonstrated that the Kubo number is the sole controlling parameter for field-line diffusion.

Conclusions:

A simplified analytical description of field-line diffusion is achievable.
The Kubo number is the critical parameter, independent of small-scale turbulence details.