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Updated: May 23, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Additional interfacial force in lattice Boltzmann models for incompressible multiphase flows.

Q Li¹, K H Luo, Y J Gao

¹Energy Technology Research Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|April 3, 2012

Summary

Existing lattice Boltzmann models for multiphase flows introduce an artificial interfacial force. This force, dependent on velocity, impacts interface accuracy, especially at higher Reynolds numbers, necessitating model refinement for accurate simulations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Computational fluid dynamics
Multiphase flow modeling
Numerical analysis

Background:

Lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) are widely used for simulating multiphase flows.
Current LBM models often employ two distribution functions: one for phase tracking (order parameter) and one for pressure/velocity calculation.
A discrepancy exists between the recovered momentum equation and the target equation in these models.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and analyze an additional interfacial force present in existing lattice Boltzmann models for incompressible multiphase flows.
To investigate the influence of this artificial interfacial force on simulation accuracy.
To evaluate the force's impact across various fluid dynamics phenomena.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of the momentum equation recovered from existing lattice Boltzmann models.
Numerical simulations of benchmark multiphase flow problems: Rayleigh-Taylor instability, droplet splashing, and falling droplet evolution.
Systematic variation of velocity and Reynolds number to assess the force's influence.

Main Results:

An additional interfacial force, proportional to macroscopic velocity and non-zero only at interfaces, is mathematically identified.
Numerical simulations confirm this force significantly affects interface dynamics and accuracy.
The influence of the interfacial force increases with velocity and Reynolds number, impacting simulation fidelity.

Conclusions:

Existing lattice Boltzmann models for multiphase flows contain an inherent, velocity-dependent interfacial force.
This force can lead to inaccuracies in simulations, particularly at higher flow velocities or Reynolds numbers.
Refinements to lattice Boltzmann models are needed to account for or eliminate this artificial interfacial force for improved predictive capability.