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Updated: May 23, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
Published on: November 15, 2013
Neutrino cosmology after WMAP 7-year data and LHC first Z' bounds
Luis Alfredo Anchordoqui1, Haim Goldberg
1Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
Abstract:
The gauge-extended U(1)(C)×SU(2)(L)×U(1)(I(R))×U(1)(L) model elevates the global symmetries of the standard model (baryon number B and lepton number L) to local gauge symmetries. The U(1)(L) symmetry leads to three superweakly interacting right-handed neutrinos. This also renders a B-L symmetry nonanomalous. The superweak interactions of these Dirac states permit ν(R) decoupling just above the QCD phase transition: 175 is < or approximately equal to T(ν(R))(dec)/MeV is < or approximately equal to 250. In this transitional region, the residual temperature ratio between ν(L) and ν(R) generates extra relativistic degrees of freedom at BBN and at the CMB epochs. Consistency with both WMAP 7-year data and recent estimates of the primordial 4He mass fraction is achieved for 3
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