Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026
05:39
Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
Published on: August 2, 2019
Quantum gray solitons in confining potentials
Dominic C Wadkin-Snaith1, Dimitri M Gangardt
1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Physical Review Letters
|April 3, 2012
Summary
Researchers studied holelike excitations, known as the Lieb II mode, in confined Bose liquids. These excitations have a finite lifetime due to phonon radiation and can be observed experimentally in trapped atoms.
Area of Science:
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Quantum Fluids
Background:
- Bose liquids exhibit complex excitation modes.
- Understanding these modes is crucial for quantum fluid dynamics.
- Gray solitons are key nonlinear phenomena in Bose-Einstein condensates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define and investigate holelike excitations (Lieb II mode) in confined Bose liquids.
- To explore the semiclassical quantization of gray solitons on a Thomas-Fermi background.
- To determine the experimental observability of these excitations.
Main Methods:
- Semiclassical quantization of gray solitons.
- Analysis of gray soliton acceleration and phonon radiation.
- Theoretical modeling of excitations in confined Bose liquids.
Main Results:
- Holelike excitations (Lieb II mode) were defined and studied.
- Phonon radiation from accelerated gray solitons limits excitation lifetime.
- Most Lieb II levels are experimentally resolvable for large atom numbers.
Conclusions:
- The Lieb II mode represents a significant excitation in confined Bose liquids.
- Experimental observation of these modes is feasible.
- This work provides a framework for studying quantum fluid excitations.
Related Concept Videos
01:10First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...
02:05Entropy and Solvation
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
02:54Molecular and Ionic Solids
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
01:29Potential Due to a Polarized Object
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
02:45The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
01:18First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium
Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...
Newton's first law tells us about the...