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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Scaling of dynamical decoupling for spin qubits.

J Medford1, Ł Cywiński, C Barthel

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

We studied how coherence time scales with control pulses in spin qubits. Results show a robust power law, enabling better noise characterization and improved qubit performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Maintaining quantum coherence is crucial for quantum computing.
  • Dynamical decoupling techniques are essential for preserving qubit coherence.
  • Understanding environmental noise is key to improving qubit performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the scaling of coherence time (T(2)) with the number of control pulses (n(π)) in singlet-triplet spin qubits.
  • To characterize the environmental noise spectrum affecting the qubit.
  • To validate theoretical models against experimental results.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) and concatenated dynamical decoupling (CDD) pulse sequences.
  • Experimentally measured coherence time (T(2)) as a function of the number of π pulses (n(π)).
  • Analyzed the scaling exponent (γ(e)) and environmental noise spectral exponent (β).

Main Results:

  • A power-law scaling of T(2) ∝ (n(π))^(γ(e)) was observed with γ(e) = 0.72±0.01 for even numbers of CPMG pulses.
  • The derived environmental noise spectral exponent is β = 2.6±0.1.
  • Theoretical model predictions for T(2)(n(π)) showed excellent agreement with experimental data for both CPMG and CDD sequences.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a robust scaling relationship for coherence time in spin qubits under dynamical decoupling.
  • The findings provide a reliable method for characterizing the noise spectrum of the qubit environment.
  • The validated model can guide the optimization of pulse sequences for enhanced qubit coherence and performance.