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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

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Spin liquid phases for spin-1 systems on the triangular lattice.

Cenke Xu¹, Fa Wang, Yang Qi

¹Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|April 3, 2012

Summary

We propose two novel spin liquid phases for spin-1 systems, exhibiting gapless fermionic spinons and consistent experimental results. These phases feature unique gauge symmetry breaking patterns on the triangular lattice.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Magnetism
Materials Science

Background:

Recent experiments on Ba3NiSb2O9 provide motivation.
Understanding spin liquid phases in spin-1 systems is crucial.
Triangular lattices present unique magnetic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

Propose two novel spin liquid phases (A and B) for spin-1 systems.
Investigate their properties at the mean-field and lattice scales.
Relate theoretical findings to experimental observations.

Main Methods:

Mean-field theory to analyze spinon excitations.
Gauge fluctuation analysis at the lattice scale.
Symmetry breaking analysis in the long-wavelength limit.

Main Results:

Identified two spin liquid phases (A and B) with gapless fermionic spinon excitations and quadratic band touching.
Observed constant saturation of spin susceptibility and γ=C(v)/T at zero temperature, consistent with Ba3NiSb2O9 experiments.
Characterized Sp(4)~SO(5) gauge fluctuations and their breakdown to U(1)×Z(2) (phase A) or Z(4) (phase B).

Conclusions:

The proposed spin liquid phases offer a theoretical framework for understanding materials like Ba3NiSb2O9.
Phase A is identified as the parent state for ferroquadrupole, nematic, and noncollinear spin density wave states.
The study highlights the complex interplay between spin, gauge fields, and symmetry in novel quantum phases.