Why does my patient have leukocytosis?

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Leukocytosis is a frequent medical finding and a common reason for hematologic consultation.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the systematic approach for evaluating leukocytosis.
• To detail the differential diagnosis of elevated white blood cell counts.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive patient history and physical examination.
• Meticulous review of complete blood count and peripheral blood smear.
• Judicious use of laboratory and radiologic testing, including bone marrow biopsy and molecular tests.

Main Results:

• The evaluation process integrates clinical findings with diagnostic tests.
• Differential diagnosis spans physiologic responses to inflammation/infection and primary hematologic disorders.

Conclusions:

• Effective leukocytosis evaluation demands a multi-faceted approach.
• Understanding the broad differential diagnosis is key to accurate diagnosis and management of leukocytosis.