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The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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Embryo Rescue Protocol for Interspecific Hybridization in Squash
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Published on: September 12, 2022

[Sex determination in cucurbits].

Camille Foucart1, Adnane Boualem, Bertrand Lasseur

  • 1INRA-CNRS, UMR1165, Unité de REcherche en Génomique Végétale, 91057 Évry Cedex, France.

Biologie Aujourd'Hui
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Plant sex determination involves changes in floral development. This study reveals that mutations in ACC synthase genes (CmACS7 and CsACS2) cause andromonoecy in melon and cucumber, respectively. Epigenetic changes in CmWIP1 regulate gynoecy in melon.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and developmental biology
  • Molecular mechanisms of plant reproduction
  • Evolution of floral development

Context:

  • Cucurbits (melons and cucumbers) are valuable models for studying plant sex determination due to diverse sexual forms.
  • Plant sex determination involves the transition from bisexual to unisexual flowers.
  • Genetic loci controlling andromonoecy and gynoecy have been identified in these species.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the molecular basis of sex determination in melon and cucumber.
  • To identify the genes responsible for andromonoecy in melon (CmACS7) and cucumber (CsACS2).
  • To investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in regulating gynoecy in melon.

Summary:

  • The andromonoecious (a) gene in melon encodes ACC synthase 7 (CmACS7); andromonoecy results from a mutation in its active site, inhibiting male organ development.
  • The cucumber M locus, controlling monoecy to andromonoecy, was identified as CsACS2, an ortholog of CmACS7, where loss of enzymatic activity causes the phenotype.
  • Gynoecy in melon arises from epigenetic changes in the CmWIP1 gene promoter, triggered by DNA transposon insertion and subsequent DNA methylation, leading to carpel abortion.

Impact:

  • Provides a molecular understanding of sex determination in cucurbits, with implications for crop breeding.
  • Identifies key genes and regulatory mechanisms controlling floral development and sexual phenotypes.
  • Establishes a model for the interaction of CmACS7 and CmWIP1 in controlling flower development in melon.