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Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata02:04

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement
08:14

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement

Published on: January 21, 2013

[LEAFY, a master regulator of flower development].

Gilles Vachon1, Gabrielle Tichtinsky, François Parcy

  • 1CEA, iRTSV, Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, 38054 Grenoble, France.

Biologie Aujourd'Hui
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The LEAFY gene is crucial for flower development in angiosperms. Its ancestral role in cell division and meristem development in basal plants offers insights into the origin of flowering plants.

Area of Science:

  • * Plant developmental biology
  • * Evolutionary biology
  • * Molecular genetics

Background:

  • * Flowering plants (angiosperms) dominate terrestrial ecosystems due to efficient reproductive structures.
  • * The LEAFY gene is a key regulator identified in model plants for flower development.
  • * LEAFY is a unique plant transcription factor initiating early floral stages and floral organ determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze the evolutionary role of the LEAFY gene.
  • * To investigate the biochemical properties of LEAFY.
  • * To understand the origin of flowering plants through LEAFY's evolution.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparative analysis of LEAFY gene function across diverse plant lineages.
  • * Examination of LEAFY's role in cell division and meristem development in basal plants (mosses, ferns, gymnosperms).

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In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants
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In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement
08:14

LeafJ: An ImageJ Plugin for Semi-automated Leaf Shape Measurement

Published on: January 21, 2013

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging
06:11

Improved Methods for Preparing Transverse Sections and Unrolled Whole Mounts of Maize Leaf Primordia for Fluorescence and Confocal Imaging

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In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants
12:15

In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

Published on: November 23, 2011

  • * Biochemical characterization of LEAFY's regulatory properties.

    • Main Results:

    • * LEAFY is present in both flowering and non-flowering plants.
    • * LEAFY likely plays a more ancestral role in cell division and meristem development.
    • * LEAFY's floral function appears to be a later evolutionary acquisition.

    Conclusions:

    • * The ancestral function of LEAFY in basal plants provides context for its role in flowering.
    • * Understanding LEAFY's evolution illuminates the evolutionary trajectory towards angiosperm reproduction.
    • * This research sheds light on the mysterious origin of flowering plants.