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Related Concept Videos

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Small non-coding RNAs mount a silent revolution in gene expression.

Antti P Aalto1, Amy E Pasquinelli

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators in eukaryotic cells. This review organizes recent discoveries about established and novel ncRNA classes and their functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play vital regulatory roles in eukaryotic cells.
  • Research continuously identifies novel small RNA classes, biogenesis pathways, and cellular effects.
  • The expanding landscape of ncRNAs necessitates a structured overview of recent advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a structured overview of the small ncRNA transcriptome.
  • To highlight major milestones in ncRNA research over the past decade.
  • To detail newly discovered properties of known ncRNAs and introduce novel classes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of information on established and novel small ncRNAs.
  • Categorization of ncRNA classes and their regulatory functions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key regulatory functions for various small ncRNAs.
  • Description of novel classes of small ncRNAs and their biogenesis.
  • Elucidation of new properties and roles for previously known ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Small ncRNAs are fundamental to cellular regulation in eukaryotes.
  • Ongoing research continues to expand our understanding of the small RNA landscape.
  • This review offers a framework for navigating the complexities of the ncRNA transcriptome.