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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
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Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
08:50

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Published on: June 25, 2013

Prostaglandins and chronic inflammation.

Tomohiro Aoki1, Shuh Narumiya

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology-CREST, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Prostaglandins (PGs) are crucial in chronic inflammation, amplifying immune responses and promoting tissue remodeling. Targeting PG signaling offers a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases.

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A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation underlies many diseases like cancer and vascular conditions.
  • The transition from acute to chronic inflammation is not fully understood.
  • Prostaglandins (PGs) are known acute inflammation mediators, with emerging roles in chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of Prostaglandins (PGs) in the development and maintenance of chronic inflammation.
  • To investigate how PGs contribute to immune amplification and tissue remodeling in chronic inflammatory processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental animal studies on Prostaglandin (PG) function in inflammation.
  • Analysis of Prostaglandin (PG) mechanisms including cytokine signaling amplification, positive feedback loops, and chemokine induction.
  • Examination of Prostaglandin (PG) involvement in tissue remodeling processes such as angiogenesis and fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • Prostaglandins (PGs) amplify cytokine signaling, facilitating acquired immunity and sustained inflammation.
  • PGs contribute to chronic inflammation via positive feedback loops and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
  • PGs play a role in tissue remodeling, including angiogenesis and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Prostaglandins (PGs) are key mediators in the transition and maintenance of chronic inflammation.
  • PG signaling pathways are implicated in immune amplification and tissue remodeling.
  • PG signaling represents a potential therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases, pending human studies.