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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Adult Stem Cells

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens

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Published on: May 23, 2014

Stem cells in gynecology.

Felicia L Lane¹, Stephanie Jacobs

¹Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA. fgeas@uci.edu

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

|April 3, 2012

Summary

Stem cell therapies show promise in gynecology, potentially treating incontinence and aiding tissue repair. Further research is needed to confirm safety and efficacy for widespread clinical use.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine and Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Stem cell therapies offer potential advancements for obstetric and gynecologic treatments.
Mesenchymal and muscle-derived stem cells are key areas of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the history and current gynecologic applications of stem cell therapies.
To explore potential treatments for urinary/anal incontinence, fistula repair, and vaginal tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on stem cell applications in gynecology.
Analysis of pilot studies in animal and human subjects.

Main Results:

Stem cells are being explored for treating urinary and anal incontinence.
Potential applications include fistula repair and vaginal tissue engineering.

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Pilot studies show improved histologic and functional outcomes with stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions:

Stem cell transplantation may enhance function through engraftment, trophic factors, or immunomodulation.
Further clinical and safety studies are essential before widespread adoption in gynecologic practice.