Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026
07:41
Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging
Published on: December 4, 2020
2D gels and their third-dimension potential
Jorge B Schvartzman1, María-Luisa Martínez-Robles, Virginia López
1Department of Cell Proliferation and Development, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. schvartzman@cib.csic.es
Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|April 3, 2012
Summary
Two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis analyzes DNA replication intermediates. This method maps origins, termination, and fork dynamics for linear DNA fragments, providing detailed visual patterns.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Two-dimensional (2D) agarose gel electrophoresis is a powerful technique for analyzing DNA replication intermediates.
- It is commonly used to map replication origins and study replication fork dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present detailed protocols and visual representations of replication modes in linear DNA fragments.
- To describe the characteristic 2D gel patterns generated by different replication intermediates.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing 2D agarose gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments based on size and shape.
- Analyzing replication intermediates of linear DNA fragments under various replication scenarios.
Main Results:
- Demonstration of distinct 2D gel electrophoresis patterns corresponding to different modes of DNA replication.
- Detailed characterization of replication intermediates, including origins, termination, and fork reversal.
Conclusions:
- 2D agarose gel electrophoresis provides comprehensive insights into DNA replication mechanisms.
- The presented protocols and patterns serve as a valuable resource for researchers studying DNA replication.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a high-resolution protein separation method first introduced by O' Farrell and Klose in 1975. This method involves protein separation by two dimensions, mass and charge, making it more accurate than one-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as cells...
The first dimension separation uses the isoelectric focusing or IEF technique performed on immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips that separate proteins according to their isoelectric points.
Biological samples, such as cells...
02:18Fischer Projections
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
02:06Newman Projections
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
01:22Problem Solving on Stress and Strain
Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
02:00Molecular Models
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
01:04Force and Potential Energy in Three Dimensions
Consider a particle moving under the action of a conservative force that has components along each coordinate axis. Each component of force is a function of the coordinates. The potential energy function U is also a function of all three spatial coordinates. Force in one dimension can be written as the negative ratio of potential energy change to the displacement along that coordinate. For minimal displacement, the ratios become derivatives. If a function has many variables, the derivative only...