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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

Using genetic algorithm in reconstructing single individual haplotype with minimum error correction.

Tai-Chun Wang1, Javid Taheri, Albert Y Zomaya

  • 1Centre for Distributed and High Performance Computing, School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. twan5724@it.usyd.edu.au

Journal of Biomedical Informatics
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reconstructing reliable Single Individual Haplotypes (SIHs) is crucial for whole-genome research. A new Genetic Algorithm (GA) method, GAHap, effectively reconstructs SIHs from sequencing data with errors and missing information.

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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
09:30

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Haplotypes offer more genetic information than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • High-throughput sequencing generates data with inherent errors and missing information.
  • Reconstructing Single Individual Haplotypes (SIHs) is vital for whole-genome analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel Genetic Algorithm (GA) based method, GAHap, for accurate SIH reconstruction.
  • To address limitations of existing methods in handling high error rates and non-binary data.
  • To achieve Minimum Error Correction (MEC) times for SIH reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of the SIH reconstruction problem as a bi-partitioning task of SNP fragment matrices.
  • Development of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) named GAHap.
  • Implementation of a fitness function within GAHap to enhance reconstruction accuracy.

Main Results:

  • GAHap demonstrates effectiveness in reconstructing SIHs from challenging datasets.
  • The method shows improved performance compared to existing heuristic and greedy algorithms.
  • GAHap successfully handles datasets with high error rates and missing information.

Conclusions:

  • GAHap provides a reliable and efficient solution for SIH reconstruction.
  • The developed GA-based approach improves upon existing methods for genomic data analysis.
  • Accurate SIH reconstruction using GAHap facilitates deeper insights in whole-genome research.