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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis
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Published on: January 30, 2018

Arsenic trioxide affects bone remodeling by effects on osteoblast differentiation and function.

Yu-Chen Hu1, Hsiao-Ling Cheng, Bau-Shan Hsieh

  • 1Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan. chingshouhu@gmail.com

Bone
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Arsenic trioxide (ATO) impairs bone remodeling by affecting osteoblast function and differentiation. This cancer treatment can negatively impact bone mineral density and turnover markers.

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Isolation, Purification, and Differentiation of Osteoclast Precursors from Rat Bone Marrow
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Published on: May 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Oncology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a crucial chemotherapeutic agent.
  • Excessive arsenic exposure poses significant health risks.
  • The impact of ATO on bone remodeling remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between arsenic trioxide (ATO) treatment and bone remodeling.
  • To elucidate the effects of ATO on osteoblast function in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Primary osteoblast cell cultures were treated with ATO.
  • Sprague-Dawley rats (n=30) received varying doses of ATO intraperitoneally for 4 weeks.
  • Gene expression, mineralization, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and femur microarchitecture were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • ATO decreased osteoblast mineralization and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, an effect reversible by inorganic phosphate.
  • ATO reduced mRNA levels of key osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2, osterix), osteocalcin, and VCAM-1.
  • In vivo studies showed decreased bone turnover markers (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX), bone mineral density, and trabecular bone volume in ATO-treated rats.

Conclusions:

  • Arsenic trioxide (ATO) interferes with bone remodeling primarily by altering osteoblast differentiation and function.
  • ATO treatment leads to reduced bone formation and increased risk of bone loss.
  • These findings highlight potential adverse skeletal effects of ATO therapy.