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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Agents that induce pseudo-allergic reaction.

H Wang¹, H S Wang, Z P Liu

¹Center for New Drugs Evaluation, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics

|April 3, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudo-allergic reactions, often IgE-independent, account for two-thirds of hypersensitivity reactions. This review details agents like direct mast cell activators, complement activators, and NSAIDs causing these costly reactions.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Pharmacology
Allergy

Background:

Pseudo-allergic reactions involve non-antigen-specific inflammatory or anaphylactic mechanisms.
These reactions constitute up to two-thirds of immediate hypersensitivity cases, leading to significant morbidity and healthcare expenses.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze agents that trigger pseudo-allergic reactions.
To elucidate the mechanisms of action for various pseudo-allergic reaction-mediating agents.
To discuss nonclinical detection methods for improved clinical diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on agents causing pseudo-allergic reactions.
Categorization of agents into direct mast cell activators, complement activators, and NSAIDs.
Evaluation of existing data on the modes of action and detection methods.

Main Results:

Direct mast cell activators (e.g., opioids) induce IgE-independent mast cell activation.
Complement activators (e.g., radiocontrast media) trigger the complement system via multiple pathways.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause reactions by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1.

Conclusions:

Understanding the diverse mechanisms of pseudo-allergic reactions is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Identifying specific agents and their pathways aids in preventing and treating these hypersensitivity reactions.
Nonclinical detection methods can support clinical diagnosis of pseudo-allergic conditions.