Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Empiric azithromycin alters the upper respiratory microbiome and resistome without anti-inflammatory benefit in COVID-19.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Machine learning models predict long COVID outcomes based on baseline clinical and immunologic factors.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Anti-CD320 Autoantibodies and Central Nervous System Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Idiopathic Myelopathy.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Machine learning models predict long COVID outcomes based on baseline clinical and immunologic factors.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Host Genetic Architecture between Epstein-Barr Virus Activity and Multiple Sclerosis Reveals Shared Pathways.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Evaluating COVID-19 severity prediction and immune dynamics with NULISAseq: Insights from the IMPACC study.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Multiple sclerosis.

Alyssa Nylander1, David A Hafler

  • 1Department of Neurology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease causing neurodegeneration. This review explores new insights into MS immunopathology, genetic factors, and immune pathway disruptions to improve prognosis and treatment.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Demyelinating Diseases
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by multifocal demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration.
  • An autoimmune response targeting self-antigens in genetically susceptible individuals underlies MS pathogenesis.
  • The persistence of meningeal lymphoid follicles suggests ongoing antigen-driven inflammation, but the specific antigen or infectious agent remains unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine novel paradigms in understanding the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis.
  • To present current data on common genetic variants associated with MS susceptibility.
  • To explore how insights into immune pathway disruptions can guide MS prognosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on MS immunopathology.
  • Analysis of genetic data concerning MS susceptibility variants.
  • Exploration of immune pathway dysregulation in the context of MS.

Main Results:

  • New paradigms are emerging for understanding MS immunopathology.
  • Common genetic variants contributing to MS susceptibility have been identified.
  • Understanding immune pathway disruption offers potential for improved MS management.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into MS immunopathology and genetics is crucial.
  • Identifying the persistent antigen or infectious agent is key to understanding MS.
  • Targeting immune pathway disruptions holds promise for MS treatment and prognosis.