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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Immune aging and autoimmunity.

Jörg J Goronzy1, Cornelia M Weyand

  • 1Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA, 94305-5166, USA. jgoronzy@stanford.edu

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|April 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impairs immune competence, increasing autoimmunity risk. Declining T cell generation and homeostatic proliferation can select self-reactive T cells, driving autoimmune responses in older adults.

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Published on: September 9, 2022

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Aging

Background:

  • Age is a significant risk factor for autoimmune diseases, often manifesting in later adulthood.
  • Immune competence declines with age, affecting tolerance checkpoints crucial for preventing autoimmunity.
  • Thymic T cell generation ceases in adulthood, shifting T cell replenishment to homeostatic proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which immune aging contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases.
  • To understand how age-related changes in T cell populations influence self-tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on immune aging and autoimmunity.
  • It analyzes the impact of homeostatic T cell proliferation on self-antigen recognition.
  • It discusses the role of end-differentiated effector T cells in inflammatory environments.

Main Results:

  • Homeostatic T cell proliferation can select for T cells with higher affinity for self- or neoantigens.
  • These selected T cells may develop a memory-like phenotype, especially in lymphopenic conditions.
  • Accumulated end-differentiated effector T cells possess a low activation threshold and promote inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Immune aging processes compromise multiple tolerance checkpoints, increasing susceptibility to autoimmunity.
  • Age-associated alterations in T cell populations, including homeostatic proliferation and effector cell accumulation, are key drivers of autoimmune responses.
  • Understanding these age-related immune changes is critical for developing interventions against autoimmune diseases.